Current status of global handicraft production protection
The UK was one of the first countries to adopt productive protection. When it comes to protecting traditional handicraft industries that have gradually declined under the impact of the Industrial Revolution, the British government pays special attention to two points. The first is market factors. They believe that skilled craftsmanship can create works with aesthetic value, and only after this value is converted into commodities will it play a positive role in improving the products and output in the craftsmanship process. Second, cultural factors. Handicrafts must convey culture, and they will only be recognized if they represent unique regional culture. In implementing the "productive" protection of traditional handicrafts, in addition to various policy supports from the British government, various private institutions and organizations have played a very important role. For example, the British "Traditional Crafts Organization" is a non-profit fair trade organization that provides international assistance to folk craftsmen. The organization is composed of many volunteer institutions, groups or individuals, and has established "rural cooperatives" in villages with traditional handicrafts, integrating scattered craftsmen in various places into the protection system. The "Traditional Handicraft Organization" first trains volunteers, who provide free technical guidance to craftsmen, help develop handicraft products that meet the needs of the international market, organize production, and finally export the products to the international market in the form of the trademark of the "Traditional Handicraft Organization". All proceeds from sales are returned to the folk artists. The "Traditional Handicraft Organization" provides assistance to folk artists engaged in traditional handicrafts in the form of fair trade "from production to consumption" without intermediate links, thereby ensuring that traditional handicrafts can continue to be passed on and developed. At present, this kind of protection mechanism is mostly adopted by Western developed countries. By setting up national and private craft associations, they implement diversified marketing strategies, combine handicraft protection with cultural and creative industries, and continuously open up the international market.
In Asia, Japan has taken the lead in the protection of traditional cultural heritage. It has established the identification of inheritors or inheritance groups of traditional technologies early, and requires complete records of these traditional technologies. The country also has technologyThe inheritors provide necessary financial support to ensure the smooth inheritance of this technology. The establishment of this incentive mechanism has greatly promoted the inheritance of traditional crafts.
In terms of exploring the entry of traditional crafts into the market, Professor Miyazaki Kiyoshi, Vice President of Chiba University and Dean of the School of Engineering, Japan, has been committed to the revitalization of traditional craft industries and local industries and the overall creation of community culture since the 1960s. In his research, he proposed that based on "people, culture, land, industry, and scenery", with community residents as the main body, through the development of diverse, small-batch, high cultural value-added products and eco-tourism development, he proposed to The combination of the inheritance of material culture and regional economic and cultural development. His theory and practice have successfully guided the protection of traditional handicrafts in many places in Japan and Taiwan. In the 1970s, Japan timely formulated laws for the promotion of traditional craft industries and adopted policies to protect and develop traditional crafts with a history of more than 100 years. In 1975, Japan established the National Traditional Craft Promotion Association to encourage the industrial revitalization of traditional crafts. path of.
In the 1970s, South Korea began to investigate and excavate intangible cultural heritage, fully affirmed their value, and began to activate traditional handicrafts through various policies and measures. These policies include building a basic platform for the handicraft culture industry, supporting the development of excellent handicraft culture tourism products, expanding the circulation base of the handicraft culture industry, and entering overseas markets. Especially in terms of building a basic platform for the development of traditional handicraft products that reflect regional characteristics, South Korea has vigorously supported the production and circulation of the handicraft industry by establishing some local craft manufacturing houses and opening display stores. These policies and measures are all trying to help and support the development of handicrafts in the industrial field and protect their traditional craftsmanship so that they can continue to be passed down and progressed.
Currently, Chinas intangible cultural heritage or traditional crafts are either facing the crisis of decline or extinction, or are blindly entering the market system. Therefore, productive protection has become a concern for many experts and scholars. In the introductory part of "Introduction to Intangible Cultural Heritage", Wang Wenzhang, president of the Chinese Academy of Arts, proposed the concept of "productive protection" and proposed that handicrafts must be protected in production practice. Lu Pintian, a researcher at the China Academy of Art, also believes that protected traditional skills must participate in the activities of creating contemporary society in order to maintain their dynamic fluidity. Xu Yiyi, a researcher at Nanjing University of the Arts, also pointed out that productive protection is in line with the existence form and inheritance characteristics of handicrafts, and is conducive to the participation of traditional skills in production practices that create social wealth. In February 2009, at the Forum on the Protection of Productive Ways of Intangible Cultural Heritage held in Beijing, experts discussed the theoretical interpretation and practical exploration of the protection of productive ways, the rational utilization of intangible cultural heritage and cultural resources, and the production of intangible cultural heritage. Issues such as sexual style protection and sustainable development were discussed. Although everyone has many doubts and worries about the specific implementation of productive protection, we have to admit that for intangible cultural heritage with a productive nature, ensuring its survival and development in the modern market is the fundamental solution. If it cannot cooperate with the market Links, relying solely on state maintenance, will eventually become rigid or lost. Traditional handicrafts must be recognized and accepted by the market, have the driving force for survival and development, and form a virtuous cycle. Only then can the purpose of protecting craftsmanship be truly achieved.
