Rousseau, the 18th century French educator, said: In education, children should be "treated as children." "Before their minds have various abilities, they should not be allowed to use their minds, because it is not yet possible for them to use their minds." When it is in a state of ignorance, if you give it a torch, it will not be able to see it. ”When we tutor children in painting, we must follow the developmental stages of childrens painting. If the guidance is inappropriate and violates the laws of childrens psychological development, instilling knowledge and skills that are difficult for children to understand temporarily, forcing training, and scolding them if they can't accept it, it will cause children to have disgust and aversion to painting and hinder their interest. Development and improvement of hobbies.
1. Doodle stage (1 year old)
Doodle stage is the graffiti stage of young children, so it is also called the graffiti stage. One-year-old babies will scribble clumsily no matter where they are using the tools they have access to (such as pencils, crayons, bamboo poles, branches, etc.). During the smearing activity, they found it novel and fun, and were willing to try. At first, they had no idea of ??what to draw, it was just a childs restless instinct. They get interested when they see the effect of the application. Repeated painting promotes the development of hand, eye, and brain functions, and continuously increases the accumulation of perception of lines, shapes, and colors. At first, the painting was messy, with undifferentiated lines and no order. Then the same action can be repeated with a certain direction, which shows that the painting is under visual control. This kind of control ability will develop into more complex movements-drawing a circle. Although it is very unsightly, it is already a big progress. It may be difficult for adults to understand the shapes drawn by children, but they can feel the joy and surprise in the hearts of children from the dynamics of those lines.
2. Naming period (2, 3 years old)
During this period, the child is talking while drawing. But people couldn't tell what he was painting. He said this is "apple", that is "mom", etc. These are the childs own comments on the paintings, and he appreciates them very much. Combining ones own movements with imagination promotes the development of thinking. He is still unable to grasp the characteristics of the entire shape of the object, but only symbolically names the part he sees. It would be difficult for people to understand if they don't observe and ask carefully. When children say what this is, adults may burst into laughter. This deepens the understanding of childrens psychological activities. Children at this stage do not draw what they think about, but what they draw and think about.
3. Listing stage (3, 4 years old)
In the graffiti stage, as long as children can gradually connect the things they draw with the things they think about, and draw some shapes, they can Feeling very satisfied. When you put the circle representing the head and the long lines representing the hands and feet together, you will feel that this is a living person. The big circle and the small circle are a cat. This can only be said to be one thing after another.Listed, not related to each other. Draw a sun here, a cat next to it, maybe a car, or a small insect. Because the thinking ability at this time is still in a state where it cannot organize things, you should guide the child to pay attention to connecting the things drawn according to his interests. This helps children develop their imagination. For example, if a child draws a duckling, you can ask him who the duckling is playing with? Where is it playing? Is it swimming in the water? Whats in the water? There are small fish and lotus flowers in the water. What is there in the sky? There are clouds and dragonflies... In this way, based on the childs limited experience, inspiring him to make associations will make the picture richer and richer. Children draw the same thing repeatedly over a period of time, from not resembling it to somewhat resembling it. This is a process of deepening understanding.
4. Schema stage (4, 5 years old)
As children’s knowledge and experience increase, the development of hand motor functions and the accumulation of images increase, they begin to express what they want. Thought content. From the simple expression of objects to the expression of things, they subjectively experience and observe the world around them. They often use morphological symbols to represent the same thing. The main parts are exaggerated, and the unimportant parts are ignored or simply omitted. When performing an action, subjectively move the part to be acted upon. For example, in order to raise the knife above your head, you stretch and move your arms subjectively.
Children at this stage have not yet formed a correct concept of space, and cannot correctly grasp up and down, front and back, left and right, and space, and their ability to estimate proportions is even later. It is difficult for children to express a certain depth of painting on paper, so there will be an arbitrary arrangement of planes without far or near, without front and back, without size, and they put everything on the basis of a horizon line. In painting, they are afraid of covering up or overlapping, so even things seen from different angles are arranged on the painting. The furnishings in the house cannot be seen outside at all, so they have to be painted through the walls, and I think it would be wrong not to do so. This kind of complete and realistic expression is a normal reflection of childrens psychology. All this shows that what the child draws is not what he sees, but what he takes for granted. At this time, he was asked to draw from life. He took a look at the subject and drew it based on his own impression. Because the way children observe things is different from that of adults, they also lack the ability to rationally analyze and compare. They can only draw based on sensory impressions, and they tend to exaggerate the parts that impress them deeply. This is the "golden age" of childrens drawings. Childrens innocence should be protected and allowed to fully express itself.
5. Imagination period (6 to 9 years old)
With the expansion of children’s life, their knowledge and understanding have developed more than when they were young children, and they can gradually master the concepts of objects in drawing. The basic shapes and pictures are also richer than before. At this time, they pay attention to expressing the characteristics, dynamics and living environment of the objects, and can draw familiar characters and life according to their own feelings. Because they often use imagination instead of observation, the content of childrens paintings is much wider, the sea and the sky are vast, and they can fantasize freely. They saw stars andThe moon is like a lamp, so I want to go to the moon to read; when I see the stars blinking, I want to make a phone call with them. Although we adults have a lot of experience, our imagination is inhibited by the limitations of realism. Of course, most of childrens paintings at this stage are still flat. Due to limitations in understanding
ability. They still do not understand or express the phenomena of space and perspective, and they cannot recognize the essential connections and proportions of things. However, as time goes by, their paintings will develop towards realism, focusing on perspective and proportion, and the childrens interest in the paintings will become less and less.
During this period, some parents are often eager for success and let their children pursue adult things. They simply copy the painters brushwork and ready-made pictures, and use the childrens copying as the standard. The effect of this is not good. good. Of course, copying is a way to learn painting techniques. Letting children simply copy may be effective quickly, and it can exercise the coordination function of sight and hand painting, but it does not use their brains. Because what he copied was a ready-made picture, which was an image produced by the artist after artistic processing such as observation, generalization, and refinement. It was someone elses creation, not the childs own thing. Just like copying books and writing compositions are two different things, copying books cannot replace composition. Composition requires ones own observation and thinking. The same is true for painting. Simply copying will only hinder the development of his memory and imagination, and also affect the development of his creativity. When is the right time to focus on learning painting techniques? After about 9 years old.
6. Realistic period (9 to 12 years old)
As children enter teenagers, they gradually lose the innocence of children psychologically. They are no longer satisfied with the things they painted in the past, and they find it unpleasant to look at, so they demand more "like" paintings. Not only is the shape and color required to be realistic, but it also has an initial sense of three-dimensionality and space (the visual perception has a certain depth). They gradually pursue how to describe images close to visual reality on a flat surface through reasonable spatial perspective relationships. These are not yet within their capabilities. They need to learn analytical methods to understand the world around them and learn to summarize the basic characteristics of objects, generally after the age of 11.
During this period, understanding some painting knowledge and preliminary learning of some painting techniques will consolidate childrens interest in painting. The basic painting skills exercises (life sketching and sketching) are relatively intuitive, and can be carried out step by step from shallow to deep, and the results are easy to see. When they can see the results, they are willing to transfer their energy to the practice of simple basic skills-painting and sketching. And their creative paintings that lack innocence and immaturity are not very lovable, so they are often not recognized. Their enthusiasm is easily dampened, and their desire to create gradually fades away. This is the psychological change that makes it difficult to create after the age of 10.
The above is an explanation of several developmental stages of children’s painting based on their psychological changes. Age is only a rough limit. Some children may be in an advanced state, while others may show up slower in this regard.To a certain extent, this is related to the environment in which the child lives. There is a certain truth in the saying "people are children of the environment".
After a child is born, he is mainly in the family environment. The family environment affects and stimulates the childs senses every moment. The environment he is exposed to affects the childs intellectual development. The richer the stimulation of the environment, the richer the childs experience of free activities, and the stronger his sensory ability. Of course, none of this is the result of artificially forced education in a short period of time. It must be based on the childs age characteristics and psychological development rules, bit by bit, and it is a process of subtle influence.
The stages of children’s painting development are a reference “data” and should not be applied mechanically to children. It is not practical for a 5 or 6-year-old child to draw plaster sketches; on the contrary, if the child has a certain realistic painting ability, it will be difficult for him to draw childish images, so let him move on.
We cherish the characteristics of children’s paintings and allow children to express their lives with pure emotions. Any approach that uses a ruler to measure children’s paintings beyond the natural development stage of children is inappropriate. However, we must also continue to cultivate the functions of each of childrens senses as they develop psychologically. The tutoring methods, content, and extent should be adapted to the intellectual development of children at this stage, and the childrens cognitive level should be continuously enriched and developed. As children grow up day by day, the characteristics of childrens paintings will gradually disappear and slowly transition to adult paintings.
This is a beautiful and lovely simple drawing of a seven-star ladybug, which is simple and easy to understand, suitable for children to learn.
