Jawaharlal Nehru, the founding Prime Minister of India and the longest serving Prime Minister of India, served from 1947 to 1964. He was a participant in the Indian Independence Movement, advocating Indias independence from the British Empire, and was better known as the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement. He was active in the international political arena after World War II and was often called the learned Nehru (?????, pandit means great scholar in Sanskrit, Hindi and English), especially in In India, he is even called a great scholar. Jawaharlal Nehru literally translated it into Chinese as "Ruby of the Canal".